Condensed milk is made by evaporating a portion of the water content from cow's milk and then adding sugar to preserve it. Here’s a step-by-step overview of the process:

Ingredients

• Fresh cow’s milk
• Sugar

Steps

1. Milk Preparation:

   • Fresh cow's milk is filtered and pasteurized to remove impurities and ensure safety.

2. Evaporation:

   • The milk is heated under reduced pressure in a vacuum evaporator. This reduces the boiling point of water, allowing it to evaporate without scorching the milk.
   • Typically, about 60% of the water content is removed, concentrating the milk.

3. Sugar Addition:

   • Sugar is added to the concentrated milk. The amount is generally around 40-45% by weight. This acts as a natural preservative by creating an environment where bacteria cannot thrive.

4. Mixing:

   • The sugar is thoroughly mixed with the milk to ensure a smooth, uniform consistency.

5. Cooling:

   • The mixture is rapidly cooled to prevent caramelization and preserve its quality.

6. Packaging:

   • The condensed milk is poured into sterilized cans or containers and sealed to keep it fresh.

Variations

• Sweetened Condensed Milk: The process described above results in sweetened condensed milk.
• Unsweetened Condensed Milk (Evaporated Milk): Similar process but without added sugar. This version relies on sterilization for preservation.

The components of condensed milk typically include:

1. Water

• Although a significant portion is removed during the production process, some water remains in condensed milk.

2. Milk Solids

• Proteins: Casein and whey proteins provide structure and nutritional value.
• Fats: Milk fat contributes to the creamy texture and richness.
• Lactose: A natural sugar found in milk, which adds sweetness and body.
• Minerals: Includes calcium, potassium, and phosphorus.

3. Sugar (in sweetened condensed milk)

• Added sugar makes up about 40-45% of the final product. It enhances sweetness and acts as a preservative.

4. Vitamins

• Includes naturally occurring vitamins like A, D, and B12 from the milk. Some commercial products may have added vitamins, such as vitamin D.

5. Optional Additives (in some commercial versions)

• Stabilizers (e.g., carrageenan): To prevent separation and maintain a smooth texture.
• Preservatives: Rare in sweetened condensed milk due to the preservative nature of sugar, but may be used in small amounts in evaporated milk.
• Flavorings: Sometimes, vanilla or other flavors are added for variation.